一、静态缓存
目的：缓存nginx服务器的静态文件。如css,js,htm,html,jpg,gif,png,flv,swf，这些文件都不是经常更新。便于缓存以减轻服务器的压力。 实现：nginx proxy_cache可以将用户的请缓存到本地一个目录，当下一个请求时可以直接调取缓存文件，就不用去后端服务器去取文件了。 配置：打开配置文件/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.confuser www www;worker_processes 2;error_log /var/log/nginx_error.log crit;worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;events{ use epoll; worker_connections 65535;}http{ include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; client_max_body_size 8m; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 0; tcp_nodelay on; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; ##cache## proxy_connect_timeout 5; proxy_read_timeout 60; proxy_send_timeout 5; proxy_buffer_size 16k; proxy_buffers 4 64k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k; proxy_temp_path /home/temp_dir; proxy_cache_path /home/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:200m inactive=1d max_size=30g; ##end## gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 8k; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\."; log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for'; upstream appserver { server 192.168.1.251; } server { listen 80 default; server_name www.gangpao.com; location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|png|htm|html|css|js|flv|ico|swf)(.*) { proxy_pass http://appserver; proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_cache cache_one; proxy_cache_valid 200 302 1h; proxy_cache_valid 301 1d; proxy_cache_valid any 1m; expires 30d; } location ~ .*\.(php)(.*){ proxy_pass http://appserver; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/www.gangpao.com.log; }} 红色部分是配置缓存的参数。
说明： 1、http段设置。 proxy_temp_path /home/temp_dir;设置临时目录 proxy_cache_path /home/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:200m inactive=1d max_size=30g;设置缓存目录为二级目录，共享内存区大小，非活动时间，最大容量，注意临时目录要跟缓存目录在同一个分区。 2、server段设置 请求静态文件设置。 proxy_cache cache_one;设置缓存共享内存区块，也就是keys_zone名称。 proxy_cache_valid 200 302 1h;设置http状态码为200,302缓存时间为1小时。 expires 30d;设置失期时间，为30天 请求动态文件设置。 proxy_pass http://appserver;不进行缓存，直接转到后端服务器。 测试：当客户端发起http请求时在服务器上会产一个缓存文件如/home/cache/0/b9/8bd841b1c44ee5b91457eb561e44eb90
二、动态缓存
fastcgi_cache作用是缓存fastcgi生成的内容，很多情况是php生成的动态内容 fastcgi_cache缓存减少了nginx与php的通信次数，更减轻了php和数据库的压力。#定义缓存存放的文件夹fastcgi_cache_path /tt/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=NAME:2880m inactive=2d max_size=10G;#定义缓存不同的url请求fastcgi_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$uri$arg_filename$arg_x$arg_y";server {listen 8080;server_name www.example .com;location / {root /www;index index.html index.htm index.php;}location ~ (|.php)$ {root /www;fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;fastcgi_cache NAME;fastcgi_cache_valid 200 48h;fastcgi_cache_min_uses 1;fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header http_500;fastcgi_index index.php;fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;include fastcgi.conf;#设置缓存的过程中发现无法获取cookie，经查需要定义这句话fastcgi_pass_header Set-Cookie;}log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ''$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ''"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';access_log /httplogs/access.log access;}